Which of the following practices is part of integrated pest management in turfgrass?

The practice of spot treating with a selective herbicide while also implementing cultural controls is a fundamental aspect of integrated pest management (IPM) in turfgrass management. This method emphasizes a holistic approach where various management strategies are combined to achieve effective pest control while minimizing environmental impact.

In this context, spot treating allows for targeted application of herbicides, which reduces chemical usage and minimizes harm to beneficial organisms and surrounding plants. The incorporation of cultural controls—such as proper mowing, irrigation, and fertilization—further enhances turf health and resilience, making it less susceptible to pest issues. This combination aligns perfectly with the principles of IPM, which focus on prevention, monitoring, and combining different tactics to manage pest populations effectively and sustainably.

In contrast, other practices mentioned, such as constantly using the same herbicide or relying exclusively on pesticides, do not align with IPM principles. These approaches can lead to increased pest resistance and environmental harm. Additionally, neglecting proper mowing practices would compromise turf health and can exacerbate pest issues, moving away from the proactive management stance that IPM advocates.