Which biological control agents are effective against white grubs?

Parasitic nematodes are effective biological control agents against white grubs due to their specific life cycle and the host-targeting nature of their parasitism. These microscopic roundworms actively seek out and invade the larvae of white grubs, introducing bacteria that cause the death of the host. Once the nematodes infect the grub, they reproduce inside it, leading to the host's demise and the further spread of the nematodes. This method of control is environmentally friendly, as it minimizes impact on non-target organisms and other beneficial insects in the ecosystem. The use of parasitic nematodes is a widely researched and practiced method in integrated pest management strategies for controlling white grub populations in turfgrass.

In contrast, while ground beetles may help in general pest control, they typically do not target white grubs specifically. Ladybugs are beneficial insects known for their role in managing aphid populations, but they do not feed on white grubs. Ants may have some ecological functions, but they usually do not provide effective control of white grub populations. Therefore, parasitic nematodes represent the most targeted and effective approach to managing white grubs biologically.