What might be a sign of pathogens in the environment?

Pathogen dormancy under unfavorable conditions is a natural survival strategy employed by various pathogens. When environmental conditions are not conducive to their growth, such as during extreme temperatures or drought, pathogens can enter a dormant state. This dormancy can result in pathogens being present in the environment, even though they may not currently cause visible damage or symptoms in plants. Recognizing this state is important because once conditions improve, dormant pathogens can reactivate, potentially leading to outbreaks of disease in previously healthy plants. Understanding these dynamics helps in the management and prevention of turfgrass diseases.

In contrast, bacterial growth in healthy plants would suggest a more active involvement with the plant or even a symbiotic relationship, which wouldn’t indicate the presence of pathogens as the question requires. The complete absence of pathogens signifies a healthy environment free from diseases, and visible plant injuries caused by insects do not indicate pathogens specifically; instead, they would point to insect damage, which is a different concern altogether.